Page 92 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

Source E (Page no. 91)
‘Bhondia collected 400 men, sacrificed a number of goats and started off to intercept the
Dewan who was expected to return from the direction of Bijapur. This mob started on the 10th
February, burnt the Marenga school, the police post, lines and pound at Keslur and the school
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
at Tokapal (Rajur), detached a contingent to burn Karanji school and captured a head constable
and four constables of the State reserve police who had been sent out to escort the Dewan and
bring him in. The mob did not maltreat the guard seriously but eased them of their weapons
and let them go. One party of rebels under Bhondia Majhi went off to the Koer river to block
the passage there in case the Dewan left the main road. The rest went on to Dilmilli to stop
the main road from Bijapur. Buddhu Majhi and Harchand Naik led the main body.’

Letter from DeBrett, Political Agent, Chhattisgarh Feudatory States to Commissioner, Chhattisgarh
Division, 23 June 1910.

Source F (Page no. 92)
Elders living in Bastar recounted the story of this battle they had heard from their parents:
Podiyami Ganga of Kankapal was told by his father Podiyami Tokeli that: ‘The British came
and started taking land. The Raja didn’t pay attention to things happening around him, so seeing
that land was being taken, his supporters gathered people. War started. His staunch supporters
died and the rest were whipped. My father, Podiyami Tokeli suffered many strokes, but he
escaped and survived. It was a movement to get rid of the British. The British used to tie them
to horses and pull them. From every village two or three people went to Jagdalpur: Gargideva
and Michkola of Chidpal, Dole and Adrabundi of Markamiras, Vadapandu of Baleras, Unga
of Palem and many others.’
Similarly, Chendru, an elder from village Nandrasa, said:
‘On the people’s side, were the big elders – Mille Mudaal of Palem, Soyekal Dhurwa of
Nandrasa, and Pandwa Majhi. People from every pargana camped in Alnar tarai. The paltan
(force) surrounded the people in a flash. Gunda Dhur had flying powers and flew away. But
what could those with bows and arrows do? The battle took place at night. The people hid in
shrubs and crawled away. The army paltan also ran away. All those who remained alive (of
the people), somehow found their way home to their villages.’

4. FOREST TRANSFORMATIONS IN JAVA
l Java is an island in Indonesia and is famous for its rice cultivation.

l Earlier this island was mostly covered with forests.

l Forest management in Java was initiated by the Dutch.

4.1 The Woodcutters of Java
l The Kalang community of Java were having expertise in forest cutting and they also
practised shifting cultivation.
l They are experts in harvesting teak and for the kings they built palaces.

4.2 Dutch Scientific Forestry
l The Dutch introduced forest laws in Java and restricted villagers’ access to forests.

l Wood could only be cut for making riverboats or constructing houses, that also with the
permission of the Dutch.

History Class IX H-83