Page 108 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

3. What is shifting cultivation?
Ans. A piece of forest land is cleared and burnt, and ashes well spread over. The land is shown
with paddy, maize, etc during monsoons and harvested in winter. After harvest, people
migrate to new region of forest and repeat the process. The previous cleared patch is left
fallow for a few years.
Goyal Brothers Prakashan

IV. Very Short Answer Questions

1. Name the trade which was created due to the introduction of new forest laws?
Ans. Collection of latex from wild rubber trees

2. Name the communities which were living in Bastar.
Ans. Maria and Maria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras and Halbas

3. Who was Dietrich Brandis?
Ans. Dietrich Brandis was a German forest expert. The colonial government invited him for
advice and made him the first Inspector General of Forests in India.

4. Who were ‘Kalangs’ of Java?
Ans. Skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators

5. The wooden planks lay across railway tracks to hold these tracks in a position are called?
Ans. These wooden planks are called sleepers.

6. Why did the government decide to ban shifting cultivation?
Ans. The government decided to ban shifting cultivation because when a forest was burnt, there
was the danger of destroying valuable timber.

7. Which type of trees were preferred by the forest department?
Ans. The trees which are suitable for building ships and railways.

8. Name the British administrator who killed 400 tigers.
Ans. George Yule

9. Name the tribes who were recruited to work on tea plantation area.
Ans. Santhals and Oraons from Jharkhand, and Gonds from Chhattisgarh

10. What steps were taken under the new scheme of scientific forestry?
Ans. l Natural forests which had different types of trees, were cut down.
l At their place, one type of trees were planted.

History Class IX H-91