Page 26 - Understanding Economics for Class 10

12. Mention three components of Human Development Index or HDI.
Ans. Per capita income, Life expectancy, Literacy rate.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan
13. Among Haryana, Kerala and Bihar, which state has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate?
Ans. Kerala has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate among Haryana, Kerala and Bihar.

14. Why is the total income of countries not used to make comparisons between them?
Ans. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what
an average person is likely to earn.

15. Which term is used to describe the ‘average number of years a person is expected to live at
birth’?

Ans. The term used for this is ‘Life expectancy’.

v. short answer type Questions
1. ‘What may be development for one may not be development for the other’. Explain by giving
examples.
Ans. It is true that development for one may not be development for the other. The following
examples can prove this truth:
(i) Construction of dams may be beneficial for industrialists and large farmers, but this
may sub-merge the agricultural land, and disrupt the lives of the people.
(ii) More wages mean development for a worker, but it can go against the employer.
(iii) A consumer wants to purchase different household articles at low prices but a trader
or seller wants to sell these items at a higher price.

2. What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the national development?
Ans. National development is development of the country in all the aspects which includes increase
in per capita income, improvement in people’s living standard, availability of proper health
facilities, education, pollution-free environment, etc.
Under national development, a country uses its resources in a fair and just way. The country
tries to implement those programmes and policies which would benefit a large section of
the people. Countries also focus on social infrastructure which includes education, health
and other social services.
3. (i) What do you mean by developed countries?
(ii) What do you mean by developing countries?
Ans. (i) Countries which have a wide industrial sector based on modern technology are developed
countries. People in their countries earn higher income which ensures them high standard
of living and better-quality life. Most of these people are engaged in non-agricultural sector.
(ii) Countries which have a very small industrial sector with little access to modern
technology are developing countries. People in these countries earn low income as a
result of which they fail to fulfil their aspirations of leading a quality life. Most of the
people are engaged in agricultural activities.

4. What is per capita income? Mention any two limitations of per capita income as an indicator
of development.
Ans. The total income of a country divided by its total population is called per capita income.
Two limitations of per capita income.
Economics Class X E-17