Page 28 - Understanding Economics for Class 10

It has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
The Public Distribution System is functioning well in Kerala. People there get foodgrains
and other essential commodities at subsidised rates.
Note: The above measures are applicable to all the states of India to keep the IMR low.
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
11 ‘Human development is the essence of social development’. Explain.
Ans. Human development focuses on the quality life of the people. It is concerned with their
well-being, their needs, choices and aspirations. These are the aspects which help in building
a good society. Human development is also concerned with harnessing/building of human
capabilities so that people lead a long and healthy life, get education and knowledge and
find adequate opportunities of livelihood, etc. It also focuses on the expansion of basic
choices. A society can be said to be ideal and well-developed when all its members are
leading a quality life.

12. Why are public facilities needed for the development of a country?
Ans. Public facilities are provided by the government to its people at subsidised rates. They play
an important role in the development of a country as they include our basic needs such as
water, health, education, transportation, electricity, etc. Needless to say that availability of
these facilities forms the base for the development of any country.
Water: Water is essential to life and good health. Unless the government makes provisions for
safe drinking water for the rich as well as the poor, it cannot ensure development in its country.
Health: Healthy people are an asset to any country. Only healthy people can think positively
about themselves and their country.
Education: Education is an important public facility which is required by all. It is education
that empowers human beings. Educated people prove to be useful for a country or community
and are treated as valuable resources.

vi. long answer type Questions
1. Mention various factors that determine the development of a country.
Ans. Development of a country can generally be determined by the following factors.
(i) Per capita income: It is the average income generated by each person in a given group of
people.
(ii) Literacy rate: Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and
above age group. The more the people are educated, the more developed the country
is. It means that human beings if highly educated and skilled are the most important
asset of a nation. They play an important role in the nation’s development.
(iii) Health: People’s health is also an important factor that determines the development of a
country. A healthy population is a boon and every country should pay much attention to it.
(iv) Life expectancy at birth: Life expectancy at birth denotes average expected length of
life of a person at the time of birth. If the life expectancy at birth is high in a particular
country, it means development of that country.
(v) Net Attendance Ratio: Net attendance ratio is also an important indicator of economic
development of a nation. It is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years
attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.

2. Mention any five conditions or aspects that one would consider before accepting a job.
Ans. Before accepting a job one would consider many factors. Some of them are –
(i) A handsome salary is the first and foremost requirement for almost all the job-seekers.
Only good income can enable us to fulfil our long-cherished wishes. More income

Economics Class X E-19