Page 117 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

IV. Very Short Answer Questions
1. Give one advantage of changing grazing lands into cultivated farms by British in India.
Ans. Land revenue was one of the main sources of income, by expanding cultivation it would
increase its revenue collection.
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
2. What kind of permit was given to the pastoralists by the forest department?
Ans. The permit specified the periods in which these pastoralists could live legally within a
forest. If they overstayed they were made to pay fines.

3. What was the status of the Massai pastoralists in pre-colonial times ?
Ans. They had dominated their agricultural neighbours both economically and politically.

4. Who were called “The Elders’ in Maasai society?
Ans. The Elders formed the ruling group and met in periodic councils to decide on the affairs
of the community and settle disputes.

5. What are the main occupations of Raikas?
Ans. Raikas combined a range of different activities-cultivation, trade, and herding to make their
living.

6. Who were ‘Dhangars’?
Ans. ‘Dhangars’ were an important pastoral community of Maharashtra.

7. What are the major activities of the pastoral communities of Africa?
Ans. They raise cattle, camels, goats, sheep and donkeys. They sell milk, meat, animal skin and
wool.

8. What kind of duty was assigned to the warriors?
Ans. They defended the community and organised cattle raids.

9. Where is the Serengeti National Park located?
Ans. The Serengeti National park is in Tanzania.

10. Where did the gujjar bakarwals live during the winter when the high mountains were
covered with snow?
Ans. They lived with their herds in the low hills of siwalik range.

11. What is ‘dhandi’ ?
Ans. The camel herders of Jaisalmer are Maru Raikas, and their settlement is called a dhandi.

12. Which pass do the gujjar bakarwals cross?
Ans. They cross the Pir Panjal passes.

H-108 History Class IX