Page 58 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

l In cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to the requirements
of the families.
l They banned the use of old title of aristocracy.

4. What was the basic principle of the Marxist theory ?
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
Ans. l Marx believed that the conditions of workers could not improve if profit was accumulated
by the capitalists.
l Workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of private property.
l Workers must construct a radical socialist society where all property was socially
controlled. This would be a communist society and a Communist Party was the natural
society of the future for Russia.

5. How did the Bolshevik Party contribute to the October Revolution of 1917?
Ans. l The Bolshevik Party put forward clear policies to end the war, transferred the land to
the peasants and advanced the slogan, “All power to the Soviets”. On the question of
non-Russian nationalities, Bolsheviks were the only party with a clear policy.
l Lenin had proclaimed the right of all people to self-determination, including those under
the Russian Empire.
6. Describe reforms introduced by the Russian Tsar Nicholas II after the Revolution.
Ans. l After 1905, most committees and unions were started working unofficially. Since they
were declared illegal. Severe restrictions were imposed on Kerenskii political activities.
l Power to make laws was conferred upon on elected body called the Duma.
l Tsar changed the voting laws and packed the third Duma with conservative politicians.
l Liberals and revolutionaries were kept out.

7. State any three events after the Bloody Sunday which led to the revolution of 1905 in
Russia.
Ans. Three events after the Bloody Sunday which led to the revolution of 1905 in Russia were
as follows :
l The news provoked unprecedented disturbances throughout Russia. Strike took place all
over the country.
l The universities of Russia were closed when student bodies staged walkouts, complaining
about the lack of civil liberties.
l Lawyers, doctors, engineers, middle class workers established Union of Unions and
demanded a Constituent Assembly.
8. How did the 1905 Revolution in Russia prove to be a dress rehearsal of October 1917
Revolution ? Explain.
Ans. l In 1904—05, there was war between Russia and Japan. In this war, Russia was defeated
by Japan. The Russian people began to oppose the Tsar. They believed that the only cause
of this defeat was the government of Tsar which had failed to carry out war properly.
l A procession of thousands of peaceful workers along with their wives and children went
to the palace of Tsar to show their anger and present a petition on Sunday, 9 January,
1905. While the workers were on the way to the Winter Palace of Tsar, they were fired
at by the army of the Tsar.
l More than 100 people were killed and about 300 were wounded.
9. What were the significant changes took place in the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin ?
Ans. After the death of Lenin, Stalin became General Secretary of the Communist Party of Soviet
Union .The following changes took place in the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin.

History Class IX H-49