Page 61 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

6. Explain the main effects of the First World War on the industries in Russia.
Ans. Effects of the First World War on the industries in Russia were as follows :
l Russian industries were very few and the country was cut off from other suppliers of
industrial goods by German control of the Baltic Sea.
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
l Industrial equipment disintegrated more rapidly in Russia than elsewhere in Europe.
l By 1916 railway lines began to break down. Able bodied men were called up to the
war.
l As a result, there were labour shortages and small workshops producing essential
commodities were shut down.
Large supplies of grain were sent to feed the army. For the people in the cities, bread
and flour became scarce. By the winter of 1916, riots at bread shops were common.
7. Who were the Liberals, Radicals and Conservatives?
Ans. The Liberals, Radicals and Conservatives were totally opposed in their views.
The Liberals wanted individual rights for the citizens, religious tolerance, and an elected
parliament. They were not in favour of giving women the right to vote and they wanted
only men with property to vote.
In contrast to the Liberals, the Radicals were opposed to only wealthy men having the right
to vote. They were in favour of womens’ rights and wanted a Government that represented
the majority of the population.
The Conservatives were truly conservative in their views. They wanted changes for the
better, but wanted the changes to take place slowly, giving due respect to the past.
8. List the early measures of Lenin.
Ans. Lenin’s early measures were as follows:
l He seized the properties of large landowners and the capitalists.
l Lands which belonged to the people, were distributed to the poor peasants.
l Factories were taken over by the government and handed over to the committee
members, elected by workers who were suppose to run it.
l The banks were nationalised.
l The New Economic Policy (NEP) was implemented in 1921.
l A stable currency was introduced.
l A new constitution was drawn up in 1923.

H-52 History Class IX