Page 57 - Understanding Economics for Class 10

6. What is an unorganised sector? Explain.
Ans. (i) An unorganised sector is a sector which is not registered by the government.
(ii) The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely
outside the control of the government.
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(iii) There are rules and regulations, but these are not followed.
(iv) Only wages are given. No other facilities are provided.
(v) There is no job security.

7. Write a short note on NREGA.
Ans. (i) This scheme targets the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and the poor women, who
suffer from poverty.
(ii) To provide livelihood to the people below the poverty line, this scheme guarantees 100
days of wage employment in a year to every rural household in the country.
(iii) Under this scheme, the Gram Panchayat after proper verification will register households,
and issue job cards to registered households. The job card is the legal document that
entitles a person to ask for work under the Act and to get work within 15 days of the
demand for work, failing which an unemployment allowance would be payable.

8. What is under employment? Explain with an example.
Ans. (i) It is situation under which people are apparently working but all of them are made to
work less than their potential.
(ii) For example, to cultivate a field only two workers are required but the whole family
of five people is working as they have nowhere else to go for work.
(iii) This type of unemployment is also known as disguised unemployment.
9. How can workers in the unorganised sector be protected? Explain.
Ans. (i) Government can fix the minimum wages rate and working hours.
(ii) Government can provide cheap loans to the self employed people.
(iii) Government can provide cheap and affordable basic services like education, health,
food to these workers.
(iv) Government can frame new laws which can provide provision for overtime, paid leave,
leave due to sickness, etc.

10. Explain the importance of secondary sector in the Indian economy.
Ans. (i) The secondary sector contributes more than 20% to the GDP of India.
(ii) It provides employment to the people.
(iii) It provides goods to the people like cloth, sugar, iron and steel.
(iv) The secondary sector promotes the development of the primary and the tertiary sectors
11. “The problem of underemployment is not confined only to agriculture”. Explain with
examples.
Ans. The problem of underemployment is rampant in agriculture but this does not mean that it is not
found in any other fields. But this problem can also happen in secondary and tertiary sectors.
Example: painters, plumbers, repair persons and others doing odd jobs. Many of them do
not find work everyday. Similarly, we see other people of the service sector on the street
pushing a cart or selling household things where they may spend the whole day but earn
very little. They are doing this work because they do not have better opportunities. In this
way, they have become victims of the problem of under-employment.

Economics Class X E-51