Page 158 - Understanding NCERT Science 09

Table 12.2: Nutritional values of animal products

Animal Per cent (%) Nutrients
Products
Fat Protein Sugar Minerals Water Vitamins
Milk (Cow) 3.60 4.00 4.50 0.70 87.20 B1, B2, B12, D, E

Egg 12.00 13.00 * 1.00 74.00 B2, D
Meat 3.60 21.10 * 1.10 74.20 B2, B12
Fish 2.50 19.00 * 1.30 77.20 Niacin, D, A

*Present in very small amounts
Activity _____________12.1 Activity _____________12.2

• Visit a nearby garden/agricultural • Collect grains/seeds of cereals,
field and make a list of the weeds and pulses and oil seeds and gather
the flowers/crops found in the area. information about the seasons in
Also, make a list of insect pests, if which they are sown and harvested.
any, infesting the flowers/crops.
12.2 Animal Husbandry
STORAGE OF GRAINS
Animal husbandry is the scientific
Storage losses in agricultural produce can be
very high. Factors responsible for such losses management of animal livestock. It includes
are biotic— insects, rodents, fungi, mites and various aspects such as feeding, breeding and
bacteria, and abiotic— inappropriate moisture disease control. Animal-based farming
and temperatures in the place of storage. These includes cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and fish
factors cause degradation in quality, loss in farming. As the population increases and as
weight, poor germinability, discolouration of living standards increase, the demand for
produce, all leading to poor marketability. milk, eggs and meat is also going up. Also,
These factors can be controlled by proper the growing awareness of the need for
treatment and by systematic management of humane treatment of livestock has brought
warehouses. in new limitations in livestock farming. Thus,
Preventive and control measures are used livestock production also needs to be improved.
before grains are stored for future use. They
include strict cleaning of the produce before 12.2.1 CATTLE FARMING
storage, proper drying of the produce first in
sunlight and then in shade, and fumigation Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes—
using chemicals that can kill pests. milk and draught labour for agricultural work
such as tilling, irrigation and carting. Indian
uestions
Q 1. Why should preventive measures indicus, cows, and Bos bubalis, buffaloes.
cattle belong to two different species, Bos
Milk-producing females are called milch
and biological control methods be
animals (dairy animals), while the ones used
preferred for protecting crops?
for farm labour are called draught animals.
2. What factors may be responsible
Milk production depends, to some extent,
for losses of grains during
meaning the period of milk production after
storage? on the duration of the lactation period,

146 SCIENCE

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