Page 85 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

l He claimed that he was trying to make Germany equal in position to the other European
powers.
l Since European nations had not followed the policy of disarmament, German
rearmament was a necessity.
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
13. What was the ideology of the Nazis regarding the Jews?
Ans. The ideology of the Nazis regarding the Jews were as follows:
l All schools were cleansed and purified under Nazism. Those teachers were dismissed
who were found to be Jews or seen as politically unreliable.
l German and Jew children were not allowed to sit or play together.
l All the undesirable children—Jews, Gypsies, and the physically handicapped were
dismissed from schools and finally they were taken to gas chambers in 1940s.

14. What do you know about ‘Nazi schooling’?
Ans. All ‘Good German’ children were subjected to a prolonged period of ideological training—a
process of Nazi schooling. School textbooks were rewritten. Racial science was introduced
to justify Nazi ideas of race. Children were taught to be loyal and submissive, hate Jews,
and worship Hitler. Even sports was used to nurture a spirit of violence and aggression
among children. Hitler believed boxing made children iron-hearted, strong and masculine.

15. What was the Nazis ideology regarding motherhood?
Ans. In Nazi Germany, children were repeatedly told that women were radically different from
men. It was explained that the fight for equal rights for men and women was wrong and
it would destroy the society. The boys were taught to be aggressive, masculine and iron-
hearted. The girls were taught to become good mothers. They were supposed to rear pure-
blooded Aryan children and maintain the purity of the race. They had to distance themselves
from Jews, look after the home, and over and above teach their children the Nazi values.

VI. Long Answer Questions
1. Why did the USA show unwillingness to get involve in the Second World War initially?
Why did it change its attitude afterwards?
Ans. The USA had resisted involvement in the war. It was unwilling to once again face all the
economic problems that the First World War had caused. But it could not stay out of the
war for long. Japan was expanding its power in the East. It had occupied French Indo-China
and was planning attacks on US naval bases in the Pacific.
When Japan extended its support to Hitler and bombed the US base at Pearl Harbour, the
US entered the Second World War. The war ended in May 1945 with Hitler’s defeat and
the US dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in August 1945.

2. Explain the factors which led to the rise of Hitler in Germany.
Ans. The factors which led to the rise of Hitler in Germany were :
l Germany was compelled to sign the treaty of Versailles by which she had to pay a
huge war indemnity. This treaty created the feeling of dissatisfaction among the people
of Germany. The Weimar Republic was regarded as a symbol of national disgrace.
Hitler assured the Germans about the restoration of the old prestige, so they became
his followers.
l Germany had to face a Great Economic crisis after the First World War. Many soldiers
were no more in service, so they became unemployed. Trade and commerce were
ruined. In 1929, there was, however, a great slump in Europe. Germany was in the
grip of unemployment and starvation. The prices rose and the value of money fell.

H-76 History Class IX