Page 8 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

4. Liberty consists of the power to do whatever is not injurious to others.
5. The law has the right to forbid only actions that are injurious to society.
6. Law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to participate in its
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
formation, personally or through their representatives. All citizens are equal before it.
7. No man may be accused, arrested or detained, except in cases determined by the law.
11. Every citizen may speak, write and print freely; he must take responsibility for the abuse
of such liberty in cases determined by the law.
12. For the maintenance of the public force and for the expenses of administration a common
tax is indispensable; it must be assessed equally on all citizens in proportion to their
means.
17. Since property is a sacred and inviolable right, no one may be deprived of it, unless a
legally established public necessity requires it. In that case a just compensation must be
given in advance.

BOX - 1 (Page no. 12)
Reading political symbols
The majority of men and women in the eighteenth century could not read or write. So images
and symbols were frequently used instead of printed words to communicate important ideas.
The painting by Le Barbier (Fig. 8) uses many such symbols to convey the content of the
Declaration of Rights. Let us try to read these symbols.
The broken chain: Chains were used to fetter slaves. A broken chain stands for the
act of becoming free.

The bundle of rods or fasces: One rod can be easily broken, but not
an entire bundle. Strength lies in unity.

The eye within a triangle radiating light: The allseeing eye stands
for knowledge. The rays of the sun will drive away the clouds of
ignorance.

Sceptre: Symbol of royal power.

Snake biting its tail to form a ring: Symbol of Eternity. A ring has
neither beginning nor end.

Red Phrygian cap: Cap worn by a slave upon becoming free.

Blue-white-red: The national colours of France.

The winged woman: Personification of the law.

The Law Tablet: The law is the same for all, and all are equal before
it.

H-6 History Class IX