Page 35 - Understanding Economics for Class 10

Lets Work these out (Page No. 27)
1. Complete the table using the data given in Graphs 2 and 3 and answer the following
questions:
Share of Primary Sector in GDP and Employment
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
1973-74 2013-14
Share in GDP
Share in Employment
What are the changes that you observe in the primary sector over a span of forty years?
Ans. Share of Primary Sector in GDP and Employment
1973-74 2013-14
Share in GDP 40% 12%
Share in Employment 71% 44%
Over the span of forty years, a shift has seen from primary to tertiary sector in terms of
production and tertiary is the main producing sector. Employment has also increased in
tertiary sector over the years but primary sector continues to be the largest employer.

2. Choose the correct answer: Underemployment occurs when people
(i) do not want to work (ii) are working in a lazy manner
(iii) are working less than what they are capable of doing
(iv) are not paid for their work
Ans. (iii) Underemployment occurs when people are working less than what they are capable
of doing.

3. Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that was observed for developed
countries. What kind of changes between sectors were desired but did not happen in India?
Ans. This is the general pattern that is observed in developed countries. Over time, shift has
taken place from primary to secondary to tertiary sector both in terms of employment
but in India there has been a shift from primary to tertiary sector in terms of production
but a similar shift has not taken place in employment.
Shift in employment from primary to tertiary sector were desired but it did not happen
in India and gave rise to the problem of underemployment or Disguised unemployment.

4. Why should we be worried about underemployment?
Ans. When more than required persons are engaged in an activity, it is called underemployment.
It means if few persons are taken out from that activity, production will not be suffered.
We should worry because full efficiency of each one who is employed is not achieved. It
is a wastage of human resource. They could have produced more, if employed somewhere
else properly.

how to create more employment?
 Since there is underemployment in agriculture and there are also people who could not
find employment at all. So, there are ways to create more employment opportunities for
the people. Some of the ways are:
 Loan facilities should be provided by the government and the banks to the small landowners
or those who are landless.

Economics Class X E-29