Page 42 - Understanding Economics for Class 10

 Nearly 80 percent of rural households in India are in small and marginal farmer category.
 These farmers need to be supported through adequate facility for timely delivery
of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities and marketing outlets.
 In the urban areas,
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
 Unorganised sector comprises mainly of workers in small-scale industry, casual workers
in construction, trade and transport etc., and those who work as street vendors, head
load workers, garment makers, rag pickers etc.
 Small-scale industry also needs government’s support for procuring raw material and
marketing of output.
The casual workers in both rural and urban areas need to be protected.
 Workers from scheduled castes, tribes and backward communities- They are working in
unorganized sector. These workers also face social discrimination apart from getting the
irregular and low paid work.
Thus, for both economic and social development, protection and support to the unorganised
sector workers is necessary.

Let’S recALL (Page No. 33)
With so many activities taking place around us, one needs to use the process of classification
to think in a useful manner. The criterion for classification could be many depending on what
we desire to find out. The process of classification helps to analyse a situation.
In dividing the economic activities into three sectors — primary, secondary, tertiary — the criterion
used was the ‘nature of activity’. On the basis of this classification, we were able to analyse the
pattern of total production and employment in India. Similarly, we divided the economic activities
into organised and unorganised and used the classification to look at employment in the two sectors.
What was the most important conclusion that was derived from the classification exercises?
What were the problems and solutions that were indicated? Can you summarise the information
in the following table?

CLASSIFYING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Most important Problems indicated and
Sector Criteria used
conclusion how they can be tackled
Primary, Nature of
Secondary, activity
Tertiary
Organised and
Unorganised
Ans. CLASSIFYING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Criteria Most important Problems indicated and how
Sector
used conclusion they can be tackled
Primary, Nature of Over the time there is Goods and services produced
Secondary, activity a shift in terms of both in the tertiary sector contribute
Tertiary employment and production most to the GDP, while the
from primary to secondary maximum employment remains
and then to tertiary sector. in the primary sector and
this gives rise to problem of
underemployment or disguised
unemployment.

E-36 Economics Class X