Page 43 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

Source D (Page no. 45)
Official view of the opposition to collectivisation and the government response
‘From the second half of February of this year, in various regions of the Ukraine … mass
insurrections of the peasantry have taken place, caused by distortions of the Party’s line by a
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
section of the lower ranks of the Party and the Soviet apparatus in the course of the introduction
of collectivisation and preparatory work for the spring harvest.
Within a short time, large scale activities from the above-mentioned regions carried over into
neighbouring areas – and the most aggressive insurrections have taken place near the border.
The greater part of the peasant insurrections have been linked with outright demands for the
return of collectivised stocks of grain, livestock and tools …

Between 1st February and 15th March, 25,000 have been arrested … 656 have been executed,
3673 have been imprisoned in labour camps and 5580 exiled …’
Report of K.M. Karlson, President of the State Police Administration of the Ukraine to the
Central Committee of the Communist Party, on 19 March 1930.
From: V. Sokolov (ed), Obshchestvo I Vlast, v 1930-ye gody

Source E (Page no. 45)
This is a letter written by a peasant who did not want to join the collective farm.
To the newspaper Krestianskaia Gazeta (Peasant Newspaper) ‘… I am a natural working peasant
born in 1879 … there are 6 members in my family, my wife was born in 1881, my son is 16,
two daughters 19, all three go to school, my sister is 71. From 1932, heavy taxes have been
levied on me that I have found impossible. From 1935, local authorities have increased the
taxes on me … and I was unable to handle them and all my property was registered: my horse,
cow, calf, sheep with lambs, all my implements, furniture and my reserve of wood for repair
of buildings and they sold the lot for the taxes. In 1936, they sold two of my buildings … the
kolkhoz bought them. In 1937, of two huts I had, one was sold and one was confiscated …’
Afanasii Dedorovich Frebenev, an independent cultivator.
From: V. Sokolov (ed), Obshchestvo I Vlast, v 1930-ye gody.

5. THE GLOBAL INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE USSR
l Existing socialist parties had reservations about the Bolsheviks’ rise to power but were
inspired by the concept of a workers’ state.
• Communist parties formed in many countries, influenced by the Bolsheviks, including
the Communist Party of Great Britain.
• The Bolsheviks encouraged colonial peoples to follow their experiment and established
international alliances like the Comintern.
• The USSR became a symbol of global socialism, with non-Russians participating in
conferences and receiving education.
• By the 1950s, it was acknowledged that the USSR’s style of government did not align
with the ideals of the Russian Revolution, and its reputation as a socialist country
declined.

H-36 History Class IX