Page 48 - Understanding Economics for Class 10

(ii) Unorganised Sector: Small and scattered units which are temporary. The employees in
this sector are paid less.

16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.
Ans. In the organised sector,
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
(i) The employees are given higher wages,
(ii) Other facilities like medical, insurance, paid leaves, overtime are given
(iii) Healthy working environment is there
(iv) There is job security. They are not liable to look for a new source of income each day.
In the unorganised sector,
(i) The wages are low,
(ii) No extra income for extra time is given, no other facilities are provided
(iii) The employees are exploited and the work environment is unhealthy.
(iv) Does not offer job security. People are hired and fired at will.
17. Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.
Ans. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 was introduced with an aim to ensure
guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year to all those who are in need of work. It also
states that in the case of employment not being provided under this act, employment wages will
be given to those left unemployed, called as unemployment allowances. Additional employment
opportunities need to be created for people in villages and smaller towns.

18. Using examples from your area, compare and contrast the activities and functions of private
and public sectors.
Ans. Private Sector,
(i) The assets and industries are owned by individuals.
(ii) Private sector works to earn profits.
(iii) The common examples of the private sector that we can see around us are IT companies,
malls and multiplexes, etc.
Public Sector,
(i) In the public sector, industries and enterprises are owned by the Government.
(ii) Public sector works to provide facilities to the public and to earn profits.
(iii) Common examples of the public sector that we can see around us are Government Banks,
Post Offices, municipal hospitals and Indian railways.

19. Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area.

Well-Managed Organisation Badly-Managed Organisation
Public Sector
Private Sector

Ans. Well-Managed Organisation Badly-Managed Organisation
Public Sector DMRC Indian Railways
Private Sector Infosys, Tata Consultancy Kingfisher, Go Air

20. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken
them up.
Ans. Banks, transport, irrigation, electricity, water, roads and all the basic things that are necessary
for people, come under the public sector. Government has taken up these services because.
(i) Providing these basic facilities to its citizens is the responsibility of the Government.

E-42 Economics Class X