Page 49 - Understanding NCERT Histroy 09th

5. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October
Revolution?
Ans. Most industries and banks were nationalised in November 1917. This meant that the
government took over ownership and management. Land was declared social property and
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility. In cities, Bolsheviks enforced the
partition of large houses according to family requirements. They banned the use of the old
titles of aristocracy. To assert the change, new uniforms were designed for the army and
officials. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik).

6. Write a few lines to show what you know about:
 kulaks  the Duma
 women workers between 1900 and 1930  the Liberals
 Stalin’s collectivisation programme.
Ans. Kulaks — Well-to-do peasants were called Kulaks. They were supposed to be holding stocks
in the hope of higher prices. The Kulaks were raided as it was thought that it was necessary
to eliminate kulaks in order to develop modern farms.
The Duma — The Duma was elected as a consultative parliament. Its creation was allowed
by the Tsar during the 1905 Revolution.
Women workers between 1900 and 1930 — Women were workers too. They made up 31%
of the factory labour force, but they were paid less than men — almost between 1/2 and
3/4 of a man’s wage.
The Liberals — They were a group which looked to change society. Liberals wanted a nation
which tolerated all religions and opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They
argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by
a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials.
Stalin’s collectivization programme — The Collectivization programme in 1929. This
programme was started by Stalin. Stalin forced all peasants to cultivate in collective farms,
kolkhoz. The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective
farms. Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

I. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was the leader of the Bolshevik Party?
(a) Karl marx (b) Stalin
(c) Lenin (d) Louis Blanc
Ans. (c) Lenin

2. Tsarina Alexandra was of _______________.
(a) German Origin (b) French Origin
(c) Dutch Origin (d) Russian Origin
Ans. (a) German Origin
3. Jaddists were ___________within the Russian Empire.
(a) Muslim Reformers (b) Muslim educationists
(c) Parsi Reformers (d) German refugees
Ans. (a) Muslim Reformers

H-42 History Class IX